Soil Electrical Conductivity and Satellite-Derived Vegetation Indices for Evaluation of Phosphorus, Potassium and Magnesium Content, pH, and Delineation of Within-Field Management Zones

The optimization of soil sampling is very important in precision agriculture. main aim this study was to evaluate the relationships between selected spectral indices (NDWI—normalized difference water index and NDVI—normalized vegetation index) apparent electrical conductivity (EC) with nutrient content (phosphorus, potassium, magnesium) pH. Moreover, usefulness these variables for delineation within-field management zones assessed. conducted 2021 central Poland at three maize fields a total area approximately 100 ha. analyses were performed based on 47 zones, which used sampling. Significant positive correlations observed NDVI bare all studied contents A strong correlation EC potassium moderate found magnesium content. multiple-regression analysis proved that content, especially phosphorus, strongly related NDVI. novelty it proves crop attributes, NDVI, can be measured field scale relatively simply, crucial nutrients, phosphorus potassium. This allows results optimized variable-rate fertilization.